BOILER PROCESS

                 

Boiler is used for producing steam.

OIL FIRED BOILER

Types of Boiler:-

1.     Oil Fired

2.     Gas Fired

3.     Coal fired

4.     Atomic Fired

5.     Re actor

There are two methods of Steam Production 

1.     Fire Tube Boiler – Fire inside the tube and Water outside the tube.

2.     Water Tube Boiler – Water flow inside the tube and Fire outside the tube.

•  DM water goes to Heat Exchanger to preheat the water.

•  Heated water goes to dearator.

•  Water comes From dearator to  Feed pump.(Note: through Booster pump and Feed pump)

•  Pressurized hot water goes to water seal Drum.

•  Drum level should be maintained 50  %

•  Water comes from seal drum to Mud Drum.

•   Here, Water heated by Burners for Boiling.

•  Temp. Up to 435⁰c to form a Steam.

•  The steam goes to Economizer for further heating(i.e. By 530⁰c)

•  After that this steam goes to Super Heater.

•  From super heater to steam conditioning valve.

•  Now, saturated steam comes out from conditioning valve.

• Saturated steam flow goes to Turbine for rotate the Rotor.

DISTILLATION PROCESS

         

DISTILLATION PLANT SIDE VIEW

DISTILLATION UNIT SIDE VIEW SHOWING BRINE RECIRCULATION PUMP

•  Sea water chlorinated in Intake Area.

•  Chlorinated water pumped into the condenser and brine heater.

•  Then, heated water passes through chambers to remove the salts.

•  After that steam passes through the water to form Boiled water.

•  Then, vapour formed from chambers, the vapour passes to Demister Pad to remove gas from the vapour.

•   Vapour cooled in chambers to form water particles.

•  Collected water pulled out from chambers by Ejector.

•  After that De-mineralized (D.M) water takes out from distillation plant.

RE-CORBONATION PLANT

•  D.M water passes through Re-carbonation plant (R.C) for adding the carbonation and other chemicals as per the standard.

•  Finally Distillate water comes out from R.C and Analyzer plant.

TURBINE PROCESS and PARTS

300MW STEAM TURBINE

Turbine is a prime mover. It can rotate pump, compressor, alternator etc.

Types of Turbine:-

            There are three types

            1. Gas Turbine

            2. Steam Turbine

            3. Water Turbine

Gas Turbine:-

            Gas fired directly inside the casing and diffuser, heat power rotates the rotary.

Steam Turbine:-

            Steam will flow inside the turbine through NAZZLE by HP/IP/LP three stages, it can be rotated the rotary.

Water Turbine:-

            Water pressurized then injected through NAZZLE and VANES, it can be rotated rotary.

Pressure should be controlled by PCV (Butterfly Valve)

            The entire turbine should be governed by Governor.

                        (Governor-Speed controlling mechanism for variation of load.)

Types of Governor:-

1.     Hit and miss governing

2.     Quality governing

3.     Quantity governing

Types of Steam Turbine:-

1.     Evaporation Type- More than atmosphere pressure.

2.     Condensate Type-Less than atmosphere pressure.

Types of Water Turbine:-

1.     Impulse Type-Water directly the injected in VANES.

2.     Reaction Type-Water indirectly the injected in VENES.

Steam Turbine Standard Code:-

API 611, API 612

                                                            (API stands-American Petroleum Institute.)  

RPM – Revolution per Minute

                                    Process variables:

           

 Steam Temperature          :           535⁰C

 Steam Pressure                  :           150 bar

 RPM                                       :           3000

 Capacity                                :           300 MW

 Make                                      :           Toshiba, Japan.      

Parts of Turbine:-

•  Bottom Casing

•  Top Casing

•  Rotar HP/IP/LP

•  Diffuser

•  Venes

•  Lube Oil Pump

•  Nazzle

•  Pressure Control Valve

•  Governor

•  Journal Bearing

•  Timing Gear

•  Starting Motor

•  Forced Close Non return valve (FCNRV)

•   Over Speed Tripping Mechanism